Ngā Pūrongo

An oumu rewa whakapūmauHe oumu hiko e whakamahi ana i te pānga whakamahana hiko o ngā rauemi hei whakamahana, hei whakarewa rānei i a rātou. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te oumu hiko ko ngā pūoko, te tinana oumu, te pūtake hiko, ngā pūnga hiko, me te pūnaha whakahaere.

Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te oumu whakapūngao ko ngā pūoko, te tinana oumu, te pūtake hiko, ngā pūnga hiko, me te pūnaha whakahaere.

I raro i te mahi a ngā papa hikohiko tauutuutu i roto i te oumu whakapūngao, ka puta he au hurihuri i roto i te rauemi hei whakatutuki i ngā pānga whakamahana, rewa rānei. I raro i te pānga whakaoho o tēnei papa aukume tauutuutu, he ōrite te hanganga me te pāmahana o te rauemi i roto i te oumu. Ka taea e te pāmahana whakamahana hanga te eke ki te 1250 ℃, ā, ka taea e te pāmahana rewa te eke ki te 1650 ℃.

Haunga te kaha ki te whakamahana, ki te rewa rānei i te āhuarangi, ka taea hoki e ngā oumu whakapūngao te whakamahana, te rewa rānei i roto i ngā āhuarangi korehau me ngā āhuarangi tiaki pērā i te argon me te neon hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kounga motuhake. He tino painga ngā oumu whakapūngao ki te uru ki roto, ki te whakarewa rānei i ngā koranu aukume ngohengohe, ngā koranu ātete teitei, ngā koranu rōpū konukawata, ngā koranu ātete wera, ātete waikura, ātete kakahu, me ngā konganuku parakore. Ko ngā oumu whakapūngao ka wehea ki ngā oumu whakamahana whakapūngao me ngā oumu whakarewa.

He oumu hiko e whakamahi ana i te au whakaawe i hangaia e te koiri whakaawe hei whakamahana i ngā rauemi. Ki te whakamahana i ngā rauemi whakarewa, whakanohoia ki roto i ngā ipu whakarewa i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi ātete. Ki te whakamahana i ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa, whakanohoia ngā rauemi ki roto i te ipu whakarewa karāpeti. Ina whakanuia te auau o te au hurihuri, ka piki ake te auau o te au whakaawe, ka hua ake te pikinga o te nui o te wera e hangaia ana. Ka tere te wera o te oumu whakaawe, he teitei te pāmahana, he ngāwari ki te whakahaere me te whakahaere, ā, he iti ake te poke o ngā rauemi i te wā whakamahana, kia pai ai te kounga o te hua. Ko te nuinga o te whakamahinga mō te whakarewa i ngā rauemi pāmahana teitei motuhake, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei taputapu whakamahana me te whakahaere mō te whakatipu tioata takitahi mai i te rewa.

E rua ngā momo oumu whakarewa: ko ngā oumu whakapūngao whai matua me ngā oumu whakapūngao kore matua.

He rino te pūtake o te oumu whakapūngao matua e haere ana i roto i te whakapūngao, ā, e whakakahangia ana e te pūtake hiko auau. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te whakarewa me te whakamahana i ngā momo konganuku pēnei i te rino maka, te parahi, te parahi, te konutea, me ētahi atu, me te pai o te hiko neke atu i te 90%. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi oumu para, he iti ngā utu whakarewa, ā, ko te kaha mōrahi o te oumu he 270 tana.

Kāore he matua rino o te oumu whakapūmau kore-matua e haere ana i roto i te whakapūmau, ā, ka wehea ki te oumu whakapūmau auau mana, te oumu whakapūmau auau takitoru, te oumu whakapūmau auau waenga huinga whakaputa hiko, te oumu whakapūmau auau waenga thyristor, me te oumu whakapūmau auau-tiketike.

Ngā taputapu tautoko

Ko ngā taputapu katoa o te oumu whakapūmau auau waenga ko: te pūtake hiko me te wāhanga whakahaere hiko, te wāhanga tinana oumu, te taputapu tuku, me te pūnaha whakamatao wai.

te kaupapa whakahaere

Ina pā te au hiko hurihuri mā roto i te pōkai whakapūmau, ka puta he papa aukume hurihuri huri noa i te pōkai, ā, i raro i te mahi a te papa aukume hurihuri, ka puta he pūmanawa whakaoho i te rauemi kawe hiko i roto i te oumu. Ka hangaia he au hiko (au hiko hurihuri) i tētahi hohonutanga i runga i te mata o te rauemi oumu, ā, ka whakamahanahia, ka whakarewahia te rauemi oumu e te au hiko hurihuri.

(1) Tere te tere o te whakamahana, te pai o te whakaputa, te iti o te waikura me te tango waro, te penapena rauemi me te utu mo te hanga mate

Nā te mea ko te kaupapa matua o te whakamahana arataki auau waenga he arataki hikohiko, ka puta te wera i roto i te mea mahi tonu. Ka taea e ngā kaimahi noa te mahi tonu i ngā mahi hanga i roto i ngā meneti tekau i muri i te whakamahi i te oumu hiko auau waenga, me te kore e hiahiatia e ngā kaimahi oumu ngaio te mahi tahu me te hiri i mua i te oumu. Kaua e manukanuka ki te maumau o ngā pereki wera i roto i te oumu waro nā te motuhanga hiko, te hapa rānei o ngā taputapu.

Nā te tere o te whakamahana o tēnei tikanga whakamahana, he iti noa te waikura. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tahu waro, ka penapenahia e ia tana o ngā mea whakarewa te 20-50 kirokaramu o ngā rauemi mata maitai, ā, ka taea e tōna tere whakamahinga rauemi te eke ki te 95%.

Nā te rite o te whakamahana me te iti o te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te matua me te mata, ka nui ake te roa o te mahi a te mate hanga i roto i te hanga, ā, he iti iho i te 50um te taratara o te mata o te hanga.

(2) He taiao mahi pai ake, he taiao mahi pai ake, he ahua kamupene hoki mō ngā kaimahi, kāore he parahanga, ā, he iti te whakamahinga pūngao

Ki te whakaritea ki ngā oumu waro, kāore ngā oumu whakamahana hiko e whakaatu ana i ngā kaimahi ki te tunu me te momi i ngā oumu waro i raro i te rā werawera, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga maha a te tari tiaki taiao. I taua wā anō, ka whakatūria e rātou te ahua o waho o te kamupene me te ia whanaketanga ā muri ake nei o te umanga hanga.

(3) Te whakamahana ōrite, te iti o te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te matua me te mata, me te tika o te whakahaere pāmahana

Ka whakaputahia te wera i roto i te mea mahi tonu e te whakamahana arataki, ka hua ake he whakamahana ōrite me te iti o te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te matua me te mata. Mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakahaere pāmahana tika, te whakapai ake i te kounga hua me te tere tohu.

auau mana

Ko te oumu whakapūngao auau ahumahi he oumu whakapūngao e whakamahi ana i te iahiko auau ahumahi (50, 60 Hz rānei) hei pūtake hiko. Kua whanake te oumu whakapūngao auau ahumahi hei taputapu whakarewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei oumu whakarewa hei whakarewa i te rino maka hina, te rino maka ngāwari, te rino ngāwari, me te rino maka koranu. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki hei oumu whakamahana. Waihoki, kua whakakapia te kapuora e te oumu whakapūngao auau mana hei wāhanga whakaputa maka.

Ki te whakaritea ki te kāpōra, he maha ngā painga o te oumu whakapūngao auau ahumahi, pērā i te ngāwari o te whakahaere i te hanganga me te pāmahana o te rino rewa, te iti o te hau me te whakaurunga o te hau i roto i ngā whakarewanga, te kore e poke te taiao, te tiaki pūngao, me ngā āhuatanga mahi kua pai ake. Nō reira, i ngā tau tata nei, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā oumu whakapūngao auau ahumahi.

E whā ngā wāhanga matua o te huinga taputapu katoa mō te oumu whakapūmau auau ahumahi.

1. Wāhanga tinana o te oumu

Ko te tinana o te oumu whakapūmau auau ahumahi mō te whakarewa rino maka he mea tito mai i ngā oumu whakapūmau e rua (kotahi mō te whakarewa, ko tētahi mō te tārua), te taupoki oumu, te anga oumu, te rango hinu oumu whakatītaha, me te taputapu whakatuwhera me te kati neke o te taupoki oumu.

2. Wāhanga hiko

Ko te wāhanga hiko he mea hanga mai i ngā whakawhiti hiko, ngā whakapā matua, ngā tauhohenga taurite, ngā pūnga taurite, ngā pūnga utu, me ngā papatohu whakahaere hiko.

3. Pūnaha whakamatao wai

Kei roto i te pūnaha wai whakamatao te whakamatao o te pūnga, te whakamatao o te irahiko, me te whakamatao taura ngāwari. Kei roto i te pūnaha wai whakamatao he papu wai, he tāke wai e rere ana, he pourewa whakamatao rānei, me ngā takirere paipa.

4. Pūnaha waipēhi

Kei roto i te pūnaha waipēhi te tāke hinu, te papu hinu, te motuka papu hinu, ngā paipa me ngā takirere pūnaha waipēhi, me te tūāpapa whakahaere waipēhi.

Auautanga waenga

Ko te oumu whakapūngao me te auau tuku hiko i waenga i te 150-10000 Hz ka kiia he oumu whakapūngao auau waenga, ā, ko tōna auau matua kei waenga i te 150-2500 Hz. E toru ngā auau o te oumu whakapūngao auau iti ā-whare: 150, 1000, me te 2500 Hz.

He taputapu whakarewa motuhake te oumu whakapūmau auau waenga e tika ana mō te whakarewa i te maitai me te koranu kounga teitei. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā oumu whakapūmau tere mahi, ko ēnei ngā painga:

(1) He tere te tere rewa, he nui hoki te pai o te whakaputa. He teitei te kaha o ngā oumu whakapūngao auau-waenga, ā, ko te whirihoranga mana mō ia tana o te maitai he 20-30% teitei ake i ērā o ngā oumu whakapūngao auau-a-umanga. Nō reira, i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite, he tere te tere rewa o te oumu whakapūngao auau-waenga, ā, he teitei te pai o te whakaputa.

(2) He kaha te urutau me te ngāwari o te whakamahinga. Ka taea e ia oumu o te oumu whakapūmau auau reo te tuku katoa i te maitai rewa, kia watea ai te whakarerekē i te taumata maitai; Heoi, kāore e whakaaetia kia tukuna katoatia te wai maitai i roto i ia oumu o te oumu whakapūmau auau ahumahi, ā, me waiho tetahi wāhanga o te wai maitai mō te tīmatanga o te oumu e whai ake nei. Nō reira, kāore e watea te whakarerekē i te taumata maitai, ā, he pai anake mō te whakarewa i te momo maitai kotahi.

(3) He pai te pānga whakaoho hikohiko. Nā te kaha hikohiko e mau ana i te wai maitai he rite te ōrite ki te pūtake tapawhā o te auau hiko, he iti ake te kaha whakaoho o te hikohiko auau waenga i te hikohiko auau waenga. Mō te tango i ngā poke, te hanganga matū ōrite, me te pāmahana ōrite i roto i te maitai, he pai te pānga whakaoho o te hikohiko auau waenga. Ko te kaha whakaoho nui o te hikohiko auau waenga ka whakanui ake i te kaha horoi o te maitai i runga i te arai oumu, e kore e whakaiti noa i te pānga whakamahine engari ka whakaitihia hoki te roa o te ora o te para.

(4) He ngāwari te tīmata i te mahi. Nā te mea he nui ake te pānga o te au o te auau waenga i te au o te au o te mana, kāore he whakaritenga motuhake mō te rauemi oumu i te wā e tīmata ana te oumu whakapūmau auau waenga. I muri i te utaina, ka taea te whakamahana tere me te whakamahana ake; me whai poraka whakatuwheratanga motuhake te oumu whakapūmau auau ahumahi (tata ki te haurua o te teitei o te para, pērā i te maitai whakarewa, te rino whakarewa rānei) hei tīmata i te whakamahana, ā, he tino puhoi te tere whakamahana. Nō reira, i raro i te āhua o te mahi ā-wā, ko ngā oumu whakapūmau auau waenga te nuinga e whakamahia ana. Ko tētahi atu painga o te tīmatanga ngāwari ko te taea te penapena hiko i te wā e mahi ana i ia wā.

He iti te rahinga o te oumu wera auau waenga, he māmā te taumaha, he pai te mahi, he pai te kounga tukatuka wera, ā, he pai hoki te taiao. Kei te tere te whakakore i ngā oumu waro, ngā oumu hau, ngā oumu hinu, me ngā oumu ātete noa, ā, he whakatupuranga hou tēnei o ngā taputapu whakamahana whakarewa.

Nā ngā painga o runga ake nei, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā oumu whakapūngao auau-waenga i roto i te hanga rino me ngā koranu i ngā tau tata nei, ā, kua tere hoki te whanaketanga o te hanga rino maka, inā koa i roto i te awheawhe maka me ngā mahi ā-wā.