Ngā Pūrongo

I roto i te mākete konganuku utu nui, kua rongonui ngā pīni koura hei hua e paingia ana e ngā kaipupuri moni nā te iti o te rahi, te ngāwari ki te kawe, me te ngāwari o te hokohoko. Mō ngā umanga whakaputa pīni koura, ko te huarahi ki te whakaputa pai me te pumau i te nui o ngā pīni koura kounga teitei te mea nui ki te whakarei ake i te whakataetae mākete. Ko te mīhini whakarewa ingot korehau, hei taputapu whakarewa matatau, kua puta haere i roto i te mara o te whakaputa pīni koura. Nō reira, ka taea e te mīhini whakarewa ingot korehau te whakatutuki pai i te whāinga o te whakaputa i ngā pīni koura maha? Muri iho, ka rukuhia e mātou te tātari mai i ngā taha maha.

1. Te tikanga mahi me ngā hangarau matua omīhini whakarewa ingota korehau

（1）Te kaupapa mahi

 Ko te mahi a te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi tukanga pakari me te tika. Tuatahi, whakatakotoria te rauemi mata koura ki roto i te rūma rewa o te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau. Whakawetohia wawetia te hau i roto i te rūma rewa mā te papu korehau, kia hangaia he taiao korehau tino kaha. Ko te whāinga o tēnei mahi he whakaiti i te pānga waikura o te hāora ki ngā rauemi mata koura. Muri iho, ka whakakīia te hau korehau pērā i te argon ki roto i te rūma rewa hei whakarato i tētahi arai tiaki mō te wai koura. Kātahi, mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakamahana whai hua pērā i te whakamahana arataki, ka tere te whakamahana i te rauemi mata koura ki runga ake i tōna ira rewa i roto i te wā poto, ka rewa ki te āhua wai.

Ina tae te wai koura ki te pāmahana whakarewanga pai, ā, he pai te rere, mā te āwhina o tētahi pūnaha whakarewanga kua āta hangaia, ka werohia te wai koura ki roto i ngā pokepokea kua oti te whakarite i mua, me te tika, me te tere. I te whakamatao me te whakamātao o te wai koura i roto i te pokepokea, ka puta mai ngā pīni koura kua whakarewaina, takitahi.

（2）Ngā āhuatanga hangarau matua

1.Pūnaha whakahaere atamai:

He tino atamai ngā pūnaha whakahaere o ngā mīhini whakarewa korehau matatau, ā, ko te tikanga he hangarau whakahaere arorau ka taea te whakarite (PLC). Me whakauru noa e te kaiwhakahaere ngā tawhā kua whakaritea ki te atanga whakahaere, pāwhiritia te pātene tīmatanga, ā, ka taea e te taputapu te whakaoti aunoa i te tukanga katoa mai i te rewa o ngā rauemi mata, te whakarewanga ki te hanga ingot.

Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia e tēnei mana whakahaere atamai ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pūkenga ngaio a ngā kaiwhakahaere, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā hapa i puta mai i te wawaotanga ā-ringa, engari ka whakarite hoki i te ōritetanga teitei i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o ia puranga pīni koura, ka whakatakoto i te turanga pakari mō te whakaputanga pai me te pumau o ngā pīni koura maha.

2.He tino pai te tiaki i te korehau me te hau kore mahi:

I raro i te tikanga tiaki rua o te korehau me te hau kore mahi, ka pehia pai te āhuatanga waikura o te koura i te wā e rewa ana, e whakarewaina ana hoki. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te parakore o ngā pīni koura ki ngā paerewa tino teitei anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te tūponotanga o ngā hapa pēnei i te pūwero me te mimiti i te mata o ngā pīni koura.

He maeneene ake te mata o ngā pīni koura, he pumau ake, he pono ake hoki te kounga, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga pakari o te mākete mō ngā hua konganuku utu nui kounga teitei. Mā ngā hua kounga teitei ka whakarei ake i te ahua waitohu o te kamupene me te whakataetae mākete, me te whakaiti i te mahi anō me ngā mate i puta mai i ngā take kounga hua, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa.

3.Te whakahaere tika i te pāmahana me te rere:

Ko te whakahaere tika i te pāmahana me te rere o te whakarewanga o te otinga koura he mea nui hei whakarite i te kounga me te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga o ngā pīni koura. Kei te mīhini whakarewa ingot korehau ngā pūoko pāmahana tino tika me ngā takirere whakahaere rere, ka taea te aroturuki me te whakarite tika i te pāmahana me te rere o te whakarewanga o te konganuku rewa i te wā tūturu. I te wā o te tukanga rewa, ka taea te eke ki te tika o te whakahaere pāmahana.± 1 ℃, me te whakarite kia noho tonu te wai koura i roto i te awhe pāmahana whakarewanga tino pai.

I roto i te tukanga whakarewa, ka taea e te takirere whakahaere rere te whakahaere tika i te nui o te werohanga me te tere rere o te wai koura e ai ki te maha me ngā whakaritenga o ngā pokepokea ai, kia tika ai te āhua me te ōritetanga o te taumaha o ia pīni koura. Mā tēnei āheinga whakahaere tika ka taea e te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau te whakaputa hua pumau e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa kounga tino pakari i roto i te hanga pīni koura maha.

4.Pūnaha whakamatao whai hua: 

Hei whakatere i te tere o te whakahāngai i ngā pīni koura, hei whakapai ake hoki i te pai o te whakaputa, he pūnaha whakamatao whai hua kei te mīhini whakarewa korehau. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e tēnei pūnaha te hangarau whakamatao wai, te hangarau whakamatao hau rānei e hurihuri ana, ka taea ai te tango tere i te wera o te konganuku rewa i roto i te whakahāngai, kia taea ai e te konganuku rewa te whakamatao me te whakapakeke i roto i te wā poto.

Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakamatao wai, mā te arotau i te whakatakotoranga o ngā paipa whakamatao me te tere rere o te wai, ka taea te whakapoto i te wā whakamatao o ngā pīni koura ki te hautoru o ngā tukanga tuku iho. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputanga anake te whakamatao tere, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te hanganga whakahaere o roto o ngā pīni koura, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua.

2.Te tātari i ngā painga o te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau i roto i te hanga pīni koura maha

（1）Painga whai hua o te whakaputa

1.Te tukanga whakarewa me te whakarewa tere: 

Mā te hangarau whakamahana matatau e whakamahia ana e te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau, pērā i te whakamahana aukume auau-teitei, ka taea te whakamahana i te rauemi mata koura ki te pūwāhi rewa i roto i te wā poto rawa. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tikanga whakamahana ātete tuku iho, ka taea te whakapoto i te wā rewa neke atu i te 50%. Hei tauira, ka taea e ētahi mīhini whakarewa korehau mahi-teitei te whakarewa i te oumu o ngā rauemi mata koura (he maha kirokaramu ki te tekau kirokaramu te nuinga) i roto noa i te 3-5 meneti.

I roto i te tukanga whakarewa, ka taea e te taputapu whakarewa tere-teitei te wero i te wai koura ki roto i ngā pokepokea maha i roto noa i te tekau hēkona. Mēnā kei roto i te pokepokea he 50 rūma hanga pīni koura, ā, ka whakarewaina mā te whakamahi i te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau, ko te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakaoti i te mahi whakarewa kotahi, he 15 hēkona noa iho pea, ka nui ake te hua pīni koura mō ia wā.

2.Te kaha whakaputa tonu tino pai: 

He maha ngā mīhini whakarewa korehau e āhei ana ki te mahi tonu. Mēnā ka whakaratohia tonutia ngā rauemi mata, ka mahi tonu ngā pūnaha whakamatao, ā, ka tiakina tonutia ngā taputapu, ka taea te whakatutuki i te mahi whakaputa kore haukoti mō ngā hāora 24.

He nui ngā painga o tēnei āhuatanga whakaputa tonu mō te whakahaere i ngā ota whakaputa pīni koura nui. Hei tauira, he umanga whakaputa pīni koura rahi-waenga te rahi, ki te whakamahia he mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau me te kaha whakaputa tonu, ka taea e te whakaputanga pīni koura o ia rā te eke ki ngā mano, tae atu ki ngā tekau mano, ka taea ai te whakatutuki wawe i te tono kaha o te mākete.

3.Hoahoa pokepokea maha-kōhao:

Hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga o ngā pīni koura, ka whakamahia e ētahi mīhini whakarewa korehau he hoahoa pokepokea maha-kōhao auaha. Ka taea te whakatū i ngā tekau mā rua, tae atu ki ngā rau o ngā kōhao pokepokea pīni koura ki roto i te pokepokea, ā, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā pīni koura maha i te wā kotahi i roto i te whakarewanga kotahi. Hei tauira, ka taea e ētahi hoahoa pokepokea matatau te whakaputa i te 100-200 pīni koura i roto i te whakarewanga kotahi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā hoahoa aratau-kotahi tuku iho, ki ngā hoahoa kōhao torutoru rānei, kua tutuki i tēnei hoahoa kōhao maha-aratau he pikinga maha āhuahanga i roto i te whai huatanga whakaputa, ka tino whakapai ake i te tauine whakaputa me te tere o ngā pīni koura.

（2）Painga kounga hua

1.Teitei o te parakore me te iti o te auau hapa: 

Nā te parenga takirua o te korehau me te hau korehau, he tino teitei te parakore o ngā pīni koura i hangaia e te mīhini whakarewa korehau, ā, e eke ana ki te 99.99% neke atu rānei. I taua wā anō, nā te ārai pai i te waikura me ngā poke, tata kore he hapa noa o te mata o ngā pīni koura pērā i ngā pūwero, ngā pūwero whakaheke, ngā kōhao onepu, me ētahi atu, ā, he tino pai te maeneene o te mata.

Ehara i te mea he ātaahua ake te āhua o ngā pīni koura kounga teitei, engari ka taea hoki te hoko atu i ngā utu teitei ake i te mākete, ka nui ake ai ngā hua mō ngā umanga. Heoi anō, ko te iti o te reiti hapa he iti ake te reiti o ngā hua hapa me te mahi anō, ka pai ake ai te whai hua o te whakaputa me ngā painga ōhanga.

2.Te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te ōritetanga o te taumaha:

Temīhini whakarewa ingota korehaumā te whakahaere pāmahana tika, te whakahaere rere, me te hoahoa pokepokea matatau ka whakarite i te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te ōritetanga o te taumaha o ia pīni koura i te wā e hangaia ana.

Ahakoa he whakaputanga nui, he whakaritenga puranga iti rānei, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā hapa i roto i ngā tawhā rahi pēnei i te whānui me te matotoru o ngā pīni koura kua whakaputaina i roto i te whānuitanga iti rawa, ā, ka taea hoki te whakahaere i te rerekētanga taumaha i te taumata mirikaramu. He mea nui tēnei taumata teitei o te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te ōritetanga taumaha mō ngā pīni koura haumi pūtea me ngā pīni koura kua whakaritea mō ngā koha teitei. Ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pakari a ngā kiritaki mō ngā whakatakotoranga hua, me te whakarei ake i te whakataetae o ngā umanga i roto i ēnei rohe mākete teitei.

（3）Painga whakahaere utu

1. Te whakaiti nui i te ngaronga o ngā rauemi mata:

Ka whakahaerehia te whakarewa me te whakarewa i roto i te taiao korehau, kia pai ai te whakahaere i te ngaronga waikura o ngā rauemi mata koura. I taua wā anō, ka taea e te pūnaha whakarewa tika te werohanga tika i te wai koura ki roto i te pokepokea ai, ka whakaiti i te tauhiuhi me te maumau o te wai koura. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, mā te whakamahi i te mīhini whakarewa korehau hei whakaputa pīni koura ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga rauemi mata mā te 10% -15% ki te whakataurite ki ngā tukanga whakarewa tuku iho. I te wā roa, ka penapenahia e tēnei he nui ngā utu hoko rauemi mata a ngā kamupene.

2.Ngā utu tiaki taputapu me te whakapaunga pūngao e tika ana: 

Ahakoa he nui te utu tuatahi mō te hoko i te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau, he mahi tātaritanga whaiaro me te whakatūpato hapa tōna, ka taea te kite i ngā raru pea o ngā taputapu me te whakahaere i ngā mahi tiaki, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā rahunga ohorere o ngā taputapu, me te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me ngā utu tiaki e puta mai ana i te tiaki taputapu.

Hei tāpiritanga, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau, kei te aro nui haere te hoahoa o ngā mīhini whakarewa korehau ki te tiaki pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga. Ka whakamahia ngā wae whakamahana whai hua, ngā pūnaha whakamatao kua whakapaitia, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūngao atamai, ka hua ake he iti te whakapaunga pūngao i te wā e whakahaerehia ana, ā, ka whakaitihia anō hoki ngā utu whakaputa mō ngā umanga.

Whakamutunga

Mā te tātaritanga hōhonu o te mātāpono mahi, ngā āhuatanga hangarau, ngā painga whakaputa, me ngā whakamahinga mahi o te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau, ka taea te whakatau kua whakaatu te mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau i te mahi tino pai me ngā painga nui ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whakaputa o ngā pīni koura maha.

Mō te whai huatanga o te whakaputa, ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tere o te rewa me te whakarewa, te kaha whakaputa tonu, me te hoahoa kōhao maha-aratau ka taea te whakaputa i te nui o ngā pīni koura i roto i te wā poto; Mō te kounga o te hua, te parakore teitei, te iti o te reiti hapa, me te tino tika o ngā āhuatanga me te ōritetanga o te taumaha ka whakarite i te kounga teitei o Jindou; Mō te whakahaere utu, ko te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi, te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga rauemi mata, me te tiaki taputapu me ngā utu whakapaunga pūngao e tika ana ka taea e ngā umanga te whai hua nui ki te ōhanga ina whakamahia ana.mīhini whakarewa ingota korehau mō te hanga pīni koura.