Oumu Whakarewa Tere Whakarewa 6kg 8kg 10kg 15kg 20kg Ā-ringa Whakatītaha Oumu Whakarewa Koura

1. Kupu Whakataki

He āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki ō ngā konganuku utu nui, pērā i te koura, te hiriwa, te konukawata, me te konukawata, e tino whai hua ai i roto i ngā ahumahi maha, tae atu ki ngā whakapaipai, ngā hikohiko, me te niho. Me whakamahi taputapu tino tika, tino whai hua hoki hei whakarite i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga, hei whakaiti hoki i ngā mate rauemi. I roto i ngā momo oumu whakarewa rerekē, kua puta te oumu whakarewa hiko whakatītaha hei whiringa pai rawa atu mō te whakarewa konganuku utu nui, ā, he maha ngā painga motuhake e tukuna ana i runga i ētahi atu tikanga whakarewa tuku iho.

2. Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Whakatītaha i ngā Oumu Rewa Whakaoho

2.1 Te Mātāpono Whakamahana Ārai

Ko te whakamahana whakapūngao e ahu mai ana i te kaupapa o te whakapūngao hikohiko. Ina tukuna he au hurihuri (AC) mā roto i te koiri (inductor), ka puta he papa aukume huri huri noa i te koiri. Mena ka whakanohoia he utu whakarewa kawe ki roto i tēnei papa aukume, ka puta he kaha hikohiko whakapūngao (emf) i roto i te whakarewa. E ai ki te ture a Ohm, ka puta he au whakapūngao (au hurihuri) i roto i te whakarewa nā tēnei emf whakapūngao. Ko te ātete o te whakarewa ki te rere o ēnei au hurihuri ka hua ake te whakaputanga o te wera, e ai ki te tātai Q = I^{2}Rt, ko Q te wera i whakaputahia, ko I te ia, ko R te ātete, ā, ko t te wā. Kātahi ka whakamahia tēnei wera hei whakarewa i te whakarewa.

2.2 Tikanga Whakatītaha

Ko te āhuatanga whakatītaha o te oumu rewa arataki he hoahoa ā-ringa anō. Kei runga i tētahi tikanga whakatītaha te tinana o te oumu e taea ai te whakatītaha i tētahi koki. He mea nui tēnei mahi whakatītaha mō te ringihanga maeneene o te konganuku rewa. Ina rewa katoa te konganuku, ka taea te whakatītaha i te oumu, ā, ka taea te ringihanga i te konganuku rewa ki roto i ngā pokepoke, i ētahi atu ipu rānei me te tino tika, he mea tino nui tēnei mō te whakarewa konganuku utu nui ina hiahiatia te ringihanga tika hei karo i te para me te whakarite i te kounga o ngā hua whakarewa.

3. Ngā Painga o te Whakatītaha i ngā Oumu Rewa Whakarewa i roto i te Whakarewa Konganuku Utu Nui

3.1 Teitei - Te Rewa Parakore

3.1.1 Te Whakaiti i te Parahanga

I roto i te whakarewatanga o ngā konganuku utu nui, he mea tino nui te pupuri i te parakore teitei. Mā ngā tikanga whakarewa tuku iho, pērā i ētahi oumu wahie, ka uru pea ngā poke ki roto i te konganuku rewa. Hei tauira, mā te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua i roto i ngā oumu wahie ka tukuna te whanariki, ngā waikura hauota, me ngā matūriki. Ka taea e ēnei matū te tauhohe ki ngā konganuku utu nui i te wā o te tukanga whakarewatanga, ka hua ake ai ngā poke. He rerekē, mā te whakarewatanga whakapūngao i roto i te oumu whakatītaha ka whakamahia te whakapūngao hikohiko mō te whakamahana, ka kore e hiahiatia he pūtake wera e ahu mai ana i te tahunga. Nō reira, he iti ake te mōrearea o te poke mai i ngā pūtake o waho, ka whakarite kia noho tonu ngā konganuku utu nui i roto i te āhua parakore teitei i te wā o te tukanga rewa.

3.1.2 Te Whakahaere Pāmahana Tika

He maha ngā wā he pūwāhi rewa motuhake ā ngā konganuku utu nui, ā, me whakahaere tika te pāmahana i te wā e whakarewahia ana. He pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana matatau kei roto i ngā oumu rewa whakatītaha. Ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te rongo tika i te pāmahana o te konganuku rewa, me te whakarite i te whakaurunga mana ki te inductor. Hei tauira, ko te pūwāhi rewa o te konukawata he tata ki te 1768 °C. Mā te whakahaere tika i te pāmahana o te oumu rewa whakatītaha, ka taea te pupuri i te pāmahana i roto i te awhe tino whaiti e tata ana ki tēnei pūwāhi rewa. Ehara i te mea ka whakarite noa i te rewa katoa o te konganuku, engari ka ārai hoki i te wera nui rawa, ka taea pea te whakaputa waikura, ētahi atu huringa matū rānei ka whakaiti i te parakore o te konganuku utu nui.

3.2 Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao

3.2.1 Te Whakamahana Auahatanga Teitei

Ko te whakamahana hiko i roto i ngā oumu whakatītaha he tikanga mahi i ngā auau teitei. He nui te whai huatanga o te whakamahana hiko auau teitei ki te huri i te kaha hiko ki te kaha wera. Ka taea e te papa hikohiko i hangaia e te iahiko auau teitei i roto i te inductor te uru hohonu ki roto i te utu whakarewa, ka tere te wera o te whakarewa mai i roto. He tino whai hua ake tēnei tikanga whakamahana ā-roto i ngā tikanga whakamahana o waho, pērā i te whakamahana hihi i roto i ētahi oumu tuku iho. Ka whakaitihia e te whakamahana tere te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakarewa i ngā konganuku utu nui, ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapaunga pūngao katoa. Hei tauira, ki te whakaritea ki ētahi oumu hau, ka taea e ngā oumu rewa hiko whakatītaha te penapena tae atu ki te 30 - 50% o te pūngao i te wā e whakarewahia ana ngā konganuku utu nui.

3.3.2 Ringihia Māeneene

He mea nui te mahi whakatītaha o te oumu ki te whakarei ake i te hua. Kia rewa te konganuku utu nui, mā te whakatītaha maeneene me te whakahaere o te oumu ka taea te riringi tere me te tika o te konganuku rewa ki roto i ngā pokepoke. Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia te wā i waenga i te rewa me te whakarewanga, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te whakapakeketanga o te konganuku rewa i roto i te oumu, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga whānui o te tukanga whakaputa. Hei tāpiri, mā te ringihia tika e taea ana e te tikanga whakatītaha ka whakarite kia whakakīia ngā pokepoke e te konganuku rewa, ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te rewa anō, te tukatuka rānei i muri i te whakarewanga nā te mea kāore i oti, kāore rānei i te ōrite te whakarewanga.

3.4 Ngāwari me te Whānuitanga o ngā Mahi

3.4.1 Te Whakarewatanga o ngā Mea Utu Nui Rerekē

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā oumu rewa whakatītaha hei whakarewa i ngā momo konganuku utu nui, tae atu ki te koura, te hiriwa, te konukawata, me te konukawata. He rerekē ngā ira rewa, ngā āhuatanga matū, me ngā whakaritenga whakarewa o ia konganuku utu nui. Ka taea te whakarite ngāwari i ngā pūnaha whakahaere mana me te pāmahana o te oumu rewa whakatītaha kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia motuhake o ngā konganuku utu nui rerekē. Hei tauira, i te wā e whakarewahia ana te hiriwa (te ira rewa tata ki te 962 °C), ka taea te whakarite i ngā tautuhinga mana me te pāmahana, engari mō te konukawata (me te ira rewa teitei ake), ka taea te whakarite i te oumu kia mahi i ngā pāmahana me ngā taumata mana teitei ake. Nā tēnei ngāwari ka waiho te oumu rewa whakatītaha hei otinga kotahi mō te whakarewa i ngā konganuku utu nui rerekē i roto i te whare whakaputa kotahi.

3.4.2 Ngā Rahi Utu Rerekē

He whānuitia ngā rahi o ēnei oumu, ā, ka taea te whakarewa i ngā momo rahi utu o ngā konganuku utu nui. Ahakoa he mahi whakarewa whakapaipai iti e hiahia ana kia whakarewahia he torutoru karamu o ngā konganuku utu nui, he mahi whakarewa ahumahi nui rānei e whakamahi ana i ngā kirokaramu o ngā konganuku utu nui, he oumu whakarewa whakarara e tika ana. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā oumu iti i roto i ngā awheawhe whakapaipai, he mea nui te tika me te whakaputa puranga iti. Ka taea e ngā oumu ahumahi nui te whakahaere i ngā rahinga nui o ngā konganuku utu nui, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga hikohiko, e hiahia ana ki te nui o ngā konganuku utu nui parakore mō te hanga wāhanga.

3.5 Te Haumaru me te Atawhai ki te Taiao

3.5.1 Te Whakahaere Haumaru

He maha ngā āhuatanga haumaru kua hangaia mō ngā oumu rewa whakatītaha. Kāore te pūnaha whakamahana whakatītaha hikohiko e whakamahi ana i ngā mura tuwhera, e whakaiti ana i te tūponotanga o te ahi me te pahūtanga ki te whakataurite ki ngā oumu wahie. Hei tāpiri, kei te oumu he parenga pāmahana nui, he parenga turuturu, me ētahi atu taputapu haumaru. Hei tauira, ki te nui ake te pāmahana o te oumu i te rohe kua whakaritea, ka motuhia aunoa te hiko hei ārai i te kino o ngā taputapu me ngā tūponotanga haumaru pea. Kei te pūnaha whakatītaha hoki ngā raka haumaru me ngā pana rohe hei whakarite kia maeneene, kia haumaru hoki te mahi whakatītaha.

3.5.2 Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga

Nā te mea kāore ngā oumu rewa whakarara e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua, he iti ake ngā tukunga e whakaputaina ana e rātou ki te whakataurite ki ngā oumu wahie tuku iho. Kāore e tukuna ana e rātou ngā poke pēnei i te hauhā whanariki (SO_{2}), ngā waikura hauota (NO_{x}), me ngā matūriki. Ehara i te mea he pai anake tēnei mō te taiao engari mō te hauora hoki o ngā kaimahi i roto i te whare whakarewa. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakahaere pai-pūngao o ēnei oumu he iti ake te pūngao e pau ana, ā, ka whakaitihia te tapuwae waro e pā ana ki te tukanga whakarewa, ka whai wāhi ki ngā mahi a te ao ki te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi.

4. Ngā Akoranga Take me ngā Whakamahinga Ahumahi

4.1 Te Ahumahi Whakapaipai

I roto i te umanga whakapaipai, he mea tino nui te kounga me te parakore o ngā konganuku utu nui. He maha ngā kaihanga whakapaipai papai e whakamahi ana i ngā oumu rewa whakatītaha hei whakarewa i te koura, te hiriwa, me te konukawata. Hei tauira, kua pūrongohia e tētahi waitohu whakapaipai rongonui i Itari, whai muri i te huri ki te oumu rewa whakatītaha, kua tino pai ake te kounga o ā rātou whakapaipai koura. Mā te rewa parakore teitei ka mau tonu te kanapa me te tae o te koura mō te wā roa. Mā te tere rewa tere me te ringihanga tika ka taea hoki te hanga hoahoa whakapaipai uaua ake, taipitopito hoki, nā te mea ka taea te ringi tika i te konganuku rewa ki roto i ngā pokepokea uaua.

4.2 Te Ahumahi Hikohiko

E hiahiatia ana e te umanga hikohiko ngā konganuku utu nui parakore hei hanga i ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā hononga, ngā papa hiko, me ngā pūoko. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te palladium me te platinum i roto i ēnei mahi nā te mea he pai te kawe hiko me te ātete ki te waikura. Kua whakamahia e tētahi kaihanga hiko matua i Hapani ngā oumu rewa whakatītaha hei whakarewa i ēnei konganuku utu nui. Nā te whakahaere pai o te oumu kua whakaitihia ā rātou utu whakaputa, ā, nā te rewa parakore kua whakapai ake i te mahi me te pono o ā rātou hua hiko. Ko te ngāwari o te oumu ki te whakahaere i ngā rahi utu rerekē ka tutuki hoki i ngā hiahia whakaputa kanorau o te umanga hikohiko, mai i te whakaputa tauira iti ki te whakaputa papatipu nui.

5. Whakamutunga

Hei whakamutunga, he maha ngā painga o ngā oumu rewa whakarara whakatītaha mō te whakarewa konganuku utu nui. Nā te kaha rewa teitei, te whakahaere pai-pūngao, te tere rewa tere, te ngāwari, me ngā āhuatanga haumaru, he mea pai mō ngā ahumahi e mahi ana ki ngā konganuku utu nui. I te mea kei te tipu haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā hua konganuku utu nui kounga teitei i roto i ngā momo ahumahi pēnei i te whakapaipai, te hikohiko, me te niho, e matapaetia ana ka horapa haere te whakamahinga o ngā oumu rewa whakarara whakatītaha. Ko te rangahau me te whanaketanga anō i tēnei wāhanga ka arahi pea ki ngā hoahoa oumu rewa whakarara whakatītaha matatau ake, whai hua ake hoki, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te kounga o ngā tukanga whakarewa konganuku utu nui.