Te oumu whakarewa mō te koura, hiriwa, parahi, Rhodium Palladium

1. Kupu Whakataki

Kua hangaia ēnei oumu rewa iti, he iti nei te rahi, mai i te 2 kg ki te 10 kg te taumaha, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā mahi e hiahia ana kia rewahia he iti noa ngā konganuku, ā, he maha ngā painga ki ngā tikanga rewa nui ake, ki ngā tikanga rewa tuku iho rānei.

2. Pūngao - Whai Hua

2.1 Te Whakamahana Auahatanga Teitei

Ko te kaupapa o ngā oumu rewa iti he whakapūngao hiko. Ka tukuna ngā au hurihuri auau teitei mā roto i tētahi koiri, ka hangaia he papa aukume. Ina whakanohoia he utu whakarewa ki roto i tēnei papa, ka puta ngā au hurihuri ki roto i te whakarewa. Ka tūtaki ēnei au hurihuri ki te ātete o te whakarewa, ka whakaputa wera e ai ki te tātai Q = I^{2}Rt (ko Q te wera, ko I te au, ko R te ātete, ā, ko t te wā). He tino whai hua tēnei tikanga whakamahana nā te mea ka whakamahana tika i te whakarewa mai i roto. He rerekē ki ētahi oumu wahie tuku iho, kāore he take ki te whakamahana i te taiao huri noa i te tuatahi, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga wera. Hei tauira, ki te whakaritea ki tētahi oumu hau iti, ka taea e tētahi oumu rewa whakapūngao 5-kg te penapena i te 30 - 40% o te pūngao i te wā o te tukanga rewa. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i ngā utu whakahaere tēnei āhuatanga penapena pūngao engari ka whai wāhi hoki ki te oranga tonutanga o te taiao mā te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao whānui.

3. Te Tika me te Kounga

3.1 Te Whakahaere Pāmahana Tika

Ko tētahi o ngā painga whakamiharo o ēnei oumu rewa iti ko tōna kaha ki te whakarato i te whakahaere pāmahana tika. He pūnaha matatau kei roto, ā, he pūnaha tirotiro me te whakahaere pāmahana. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakatakoto i te pāmahana rewa e hiahiatia ana me te tika, i roto i te nuinga o te wā i te ±5 °C. He mea nui tēnei ina whakarewahia ngā konganuku he pūwāhi rewa motuhake, me te whakakotahi i ngā konganuku, nā te mea mā te pupuri i te pāmahana tika ka tika te rewa me te ranunga ōrite o ngā huānga rerekē. Hei tauira, ina whakarewahia he konukōre parahi me te konutea motuhake hei whakaputa parahi, mā te whakahaere pāmahana tika ka mau tonu te ōwehenga tika o ngā konganuku e rua, ka hua ake he hua kounga teitei, he rite tonu.

3.2 Te Whakaiti i te Parahanga

He tukanga ma te rewa whakapūngao. Nā te mea kāore he tahunga e uru ana, pērā i ngā oumu wahie, he iti ake te tūponotanga o te whakauru i ngā poke ki roto i te konganuku rewa. Ka taea e ngā oumu e ahu mai ana i te tahunga te tuku i te whanariki, ngā waikura hauota, me ngā matūriki, ka taea te tauhohe ki te konganuku ka puta he poke. I roto i te oumu rewa whakapūngao iti, ko te pūtake anake o te poke ko te utu konganuku tonu, ā, mā te whakahaere tika, ka taea te whakaiti i tēnei. Ka hua ake he hua parakore ake, he mea tino hiahiatia i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga whakapaipai me te hanga wāhanga hiko.

4. Ngāwari

4.1 Hototahitanga o ngā Mea Whakarewa Maha

Ka taea e ngā oumu rewa iti te whakahaere i ngā momo konganuku. Ahakoa he konganuku rino pērā i te rino me te maitai, he konganuku kore-rino pērā i te konumohe, te parahi, me ngā konganuku utu nui pērā i te koura me te hiriwa, ka taea te whakarite i ēnei oumu kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga rewa o ngā rauemi rerekē. He rerekē te ira rewa o ia konganuku, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē ngāwari i ngā tautuhinga mana me te pāmahana o te oumu rewa. Hei tauira, ka rewa te konumohe i te 660 °C pea, ko te koura ia ka rewa i te 1064 °C pea. Ka taea te whakarite i te oumu kia eke ki te pāmahana tika mō ia konganuku, kia mau tonu ai, kia pai ai te whakamahi i roto i ngā awheawhe e mahi ana i ngā kaupapa whakarewa rerekē.

4.2 Ngā Rahi Puranga Rerekē

Mai i te 2 kg ki te 10 kg te kaha o ēnei oumu, ā, he pai mō ngā momo rahi puranga rerekē. Ka taea e ngā umanga iti, ngā kaiwhaiwhai rānei e hiahia ana ki te whakarewa i ētahi kirokaramu whakarewa i te wā kotahi te whai hua mai i ngā tauira kaha iti iho. I tētahi atu taha, ka kitea hoki e ngā mahi ahumahi iti ki te rahi waenga e hiahia ana ki ngā puranga nui ake engari kei roto tonu i te rohe 10 kg te pai o ēnei oumu. Mā tēnei ngāwari o te rahi puranga ka taea te whakaputa hua whai hua, nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia te haumi nui ki tētahi oumu nui ake mō ngā mahi whakaputa iti.

5. Rahi Kiato me te Māmā ki te Whakamahi

5.1 Wāhi - Hoahoa Penapena

Nā te iti o te rahi o ngā oumu rewa iti e 2 - 10 kg te taumaha, he mea tino pai mō ngā awheawhe he iti te wāhi. Ka taea te whakanoho ngāwari ki runga i te tēpu mahi, ki te kokonga rānei o tētahi wheketere iti. Kāore i rite ki ngā oumu ahumahi nui e hiahia ana ki tētahi wāhi motuhake, whānui hoki mō te tāutanga me te whakahaere, ka taea te whakauru i ēnei waeine iti ki ngā wāhi mahi o nāianei me te kore he raruraru. He tino whai hua tēnei mō ngā kaihanga iti, ngā whare whakapaipai, me ngā whare mātauranga kāore pea i te whai wāhi ki tētahi whare whakaputa nui.

5.2 Mahi Māmā ki te Kaiwhakamahi

He mea hanga ēnei oumu kia ngāwari te whakamahi. He maha ngā wā ka tae mai me ngā papa whakahaere māmā e taea ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tīmata, te whakamutu, me te whakarerekē i te tukanga whakarewa me te ngāwari. Ahakoa te hunga he iti noa te mōhiotanga hangarau ka taea te ako wawe ki te whakahaere i te oumu i muri i te wā whakangungu poto. Mā ngā āhuatanga aunoa, pērā i te whakahaere pāmahana me te whakahaere hiko, ka whakaitihia hoki te uaua o te tukanga whakarewa, kia wātea ai ki te whānuitanga o ngā kaiwhakamahi.

6. Te Utu - Te Whai Hua

6.1 Te iti o te haumitanga tuatahi

Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā oumu rewa ahumahi nui, he iti ake te utu tīmatanga o tētahi oumu rewa iti 2 - 10 kg. Nā tēnei he kōwhiringa utu tika mō ngā pakihi iti, ngā pakihi hou, me ngā kaiwhaiwhai e hiahia ana ki te uru atu ki te mākete rewa me te whakarewa whakarewa. Ko te iti o te haumitanga ko te tikanga ka tere ake te whakatutuki i te hokinga mai o te haumitanga, inā koa ka whakaarohia te penapena pūngao me te putanga kounga teitei e tukuna ana e ēnei oumu.

6.2 Ngā Utu Tiaki kua Whakaitihia

He iti ake ngā wāhanga o ngā oumu rewa iti-whakarewa i ngā oumu nui ake, uaua ake. Nā te ngāwari o te hoahoa ka iti ake ngā whakaritenga tiaki. Kāore he pūnaha tahunga uaua hei tiaki, ā, he roa te ora o ngā koiri whakarewa me ētahi atu wāhanga matua mēnā ka tiakina tika. Ko ngā mahi tiaki auau ko te tirotiro i ngā pūoko pāmahana, ngā hononga hiko, me te hanganga o te arai oumu, he tikanga māmā noa iho, he utu iti hoki.

7. Whakamutunga

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko ngā oumu rewa iti 2 - 10 kg e tuku ana i te huinga o te pūngao-pai, te tika, te ngāwari, te ngāwari o te whakamahi, me te whai huatanga o te utu. Nā te kaha ki te whakaputa rewa kounga teitei, me te urutau ki ngā momo konganuku me ngā rahi puranga rerekē, he taonga nui ēnei i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono, mai i te hanga iti ki te mahi konganuku toi me te rangahau mātauranga. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, tera pea ka nui ake te whai hua me te maha o ngā whakamahinga o ēnei oumu rewa iti, ka whānui ake te whai huatanga i roto i ngā momo ahumahi.